Drop foot, or foot drop, is a condition characterized by the inability to lift the front part of the foot, making walking difficult and increasing the risk of tripping or stumbling. This condition typically results from weakness or paralysis of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion, which raises the foot upwards.

The causes of drop foot can vary widely, often stemming from nerve damage, particularly to the peroneal nerve, which controls the muscles involved in lifting the foot. This nerve can be injured due to trauma, compression, or conditions like herniated discs, multiple sclerosis, or stroke. Other causes may include muscular disorders or structural issues affecting the lower limb.

Symptoms of drop foot include dragging the foot while walking, adopting a high-stepping gait to prevent foot-dragging, and an increased likelihood of tripping over uneven surfaces. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, patient history, and sometimes imaging studies or nerve conduction tests.

Treatment often includes physical therapy to strengthen the affected muscles and improve gait, and orthopedic devices like ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly used to support the foot and enhance mobility. In some cases, surgical options may be considered, especially when conservative treatments are insufficient. Addressing the root cause of the weakness or nerve impairment is essential for effective recovery and rehabilitation.